based on と according to

英語論文

according to

Cobuild英英辞典より

  1. If someone says that something is true according to a particular person, book, or other source of information, they are indicating where they got their information.
    • Philip stayed at the hotel, according to Mr Hemming...
    • He and his father, according to local gossip, haven't been in touch for years.
  2. If something is done according to a particular set of principles, these principles are used as a basis for the way it is done.
    • They both played the game according to the rules...
  3. If something varies according to a changing factor, it varies in a way that is determined by this factor.
    • Prices vary according to the quantity ordered...
  4. [PHRASE: usu PHR after v] If something happens according to plan, it happens in exactly the way that it was intended to happen.
    • If all goes according to plan, the first concert will be Tuesday evening.

Longman英英辞典第4版

  1. as shown by something or stated by someone
    • According to the police, his attackers beat him with a blunt instrument.
    • There is now widespread support for these proposals, according to a recent public opinion poll.
  2. in a way that depends on differences in situations or amounts
    • You will be paid according to the amount of work you do.
  3. in a way that agrees with a system or plan, or obeys a set of rules
    • The game will be played according to rules laid down for the 1992 Cup.
    • Everything went according to plan , and we arrived on time.

HINT sense 1
Do not say 'according to me' or 'according to my opinion/point of view'. Say in my opinion In my opinion his first book is much better.

based on （base on, be based on）

Cobuild英英辞典より

7 [VERB: V n on/upon n] If you base one thing on another thing, the first thing develops from the second thing.

    • He based his conclusions on the evidence given by the captured prisoners.
  • based based [ADJ: v-link ADJ on/upon n]
    • Three of the new products are based on traditional herbal medicines...

Longman英英辞典

  • base on/upon [base sth on/upon sth] phr v to use something as the thing from which something else is developed
    • Their relationship was based upon mutual respect.
    • an economy based on farming
    • On what do you base your theory?

Longman Activator

  • be based on: /bi_ _be_st _n/ [verb phrase] if a film, story, idea, plan etc is based on something else, that is where its basic ideas or facts come from
    • The film is based on a popular Bengali novel.
    • Overtime pay will be based on the number of hours you work each week.
    • Your test questions will be based on the work you have done in the past year.
  • be based on: /bi_ _be_st _n/ [verb phrase] if one decision, situation, calculation etc is based on another, the second is the main thing upon which the first decision etc depends
    • Your pension will be based on the amount that you are earning when you retire.
    • This year's funding for the program is based on the number of applications that we received last year.
    • The jury's decision must be based on the evidence heard in court.

結論

「〜に基づいて・・・する」という文を作りたいとき、based onを使うか、according toを使うか迷うところだけれども、上の英英辞典を見るか斬りでは、何か行動を行う場合にはaccording toを使うのが良さそう。何かの物体や状況が〜に基づいているというときには based onを使うのが良さそう。